http://www.hirsla.lsh.is:80/lsh Hirsla captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Tue, 15 May 2012 00:03:00 GMT 2012-05-15T00:03:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2336/223612 Title: Natural history of radiographic hip osteoarthritis: A retrospective cohort study with 11-28 years of followup. Authors: Franklin, Jonas; Ingvarsson, Thorvaldur; Englund, Martin; Ingimarsson, Olafur; Robertsson, Otto; Lohmander, L Stefan Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA) and future total hip replacement (THR) due to OA or hip fracture. METHODS: We studied a cohort of individuals who had colon radiography from 1980-1997. Minimal joint space (MJS) was measured and each hip was graded for radiographic OA according to the Kellgren/Lawrence scale. Subjects were followed until the end of 2008. A Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for age and sex, was used to evaluate factors associated with THR and hip fracture. RESULTS: A total of 2,953 hips were studied (57% women). The cumulative incidence of THR was 2.5% and the cumulative incidence of hip fracture was 2.6%. For hips with radiographic hip OA (MJS of 2.5 mm or less), the cumulative incidence of THR was 16.9% and the hazard ratio (HR) for THR was 13.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 8.1-21). Using Kellgren/Lawrence grading, the HR for THR was 12.9 (95% CI 7.9-21) for hips with radiographic OA compared to those without. The HR for all types of hip fracture for hips with radiographic OA (MJS of 2.5 mm or less) was 0.47 (95% CI 0.15-1.5), for intracapsular fractures was 0.29 (95% CI 0.04-2.1), and for extracapsular fractures was 0.67 (95% CI 0.16-2.8). CONCLUSION: The risk of THR due to OA is substantially increased in patients with radiographic hip OA, regardless of symptoms, and increases with decreasing MJS. However, 11-28 years after having had radiographic hip OA, more than 4 of 5 of those having radiographic signs of hip OA had not had a THR for OA. Description: To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field. Sun, 01 May 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2336/223612 2011-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2336/223558 Title: Predictors of rape: findings from the National Survey of Adolescents. Authors: Elwood, Lisa S; Smith, Daniel W; Resnick, Heidi S; Gudmundsdottir, Berglind; Amstadter, Ananda B; Hanson, Rochelle F; Saunders, Benjamin E; Kilpatrick, Dean G Abstract: The current report examines data for 872 female adolescents obtained during the initial and follow-up interviews of the National Survey of Adolescents, a nationally representative sample. Lifetime prevalence of violence exposure reported was 12% and 13% for sexual assault, 19% and 10% for physical assault/punishment, and 33% and 26% for witnessing violence at Waves I and II, respectively. Racial/ethnic status, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and family drug problems emerged as significant predictors of new rape. Each of the PTSD symptom clusters significantly predicted new rape and analyses supported the mediational role of PTSD between CSA and new rape. African American or other racial identity was associated with lower risk. Description: To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field. Fri, 01 Apr 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2336/223558 2011-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2336/223557 Title: Incidence of multiple sclerosis in Iceland, 2002-2007: a population-based study. Authors: Eliasdottir, Olöf Jona; Olafsson, Elias; Kjartansson, Olafur Abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a study to determine the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) among the whole Icelandic population during a 6-year period (2002-2007). METHODS: We included all Icelandic residents diagnosed with MS during the study period. Cases were identified from records of the only neurology department in Iceland, plus the records of all practicing neurologists and all radiology departments. All patients had experienced at least two confirmed MS relapses (i.e. clinically definite MS) or had primary progressive MS as defined by the Poser criteria. RESULTS: We identified 136 individuals who met the inclusion criteria, including 102 (75%) women. The mean age at diagnosis was 36.3 years (women 35.7 years, men 38.3 years). Average annual incidence was 7.6 per 100,000 population. All but one patient (99%) had an MRI study done at diagnosis and 61% of these (83/135) fulfilled the Barkhof criteria for diagnosis of MS; one had a normal MRI. A visual evoked potential test was done in 68% (93/136) at the time of diagnosis and 44% (41/93) were abnormal. Spinal fluid was obtained from 78% (106/136), and 75% (80/106) had oligoclonal bands. CONCLUSION: A total population study is the most reliable method of determining the spectrum of clinical symptoms and the results of investigations in MS patients at diagnosis. Description: To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field. Mon, 01 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2336/223557 2011-08-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2336/223556 Title: Genome-wide copy number variation study associates metabotropic glutamate receptor gene networks with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Authors: Elia, Josephine; Glessner, Joseph T; Wang, Kai; Takahashi, Nagahide; Shtir, Corina J; Hadley, Dexter; Sleiman, Patrick M A; Zhang, Haitao; Kim, Cecilia E; Robison, Reid; Lyon, Gholson J; Flory, James H; Bradfield, Jonathan P; Imielinski, Marcin; Hou, Cuiping; Frackelton, Edward C; Chiavacci, Rosetta M; Sakurai, Takeshi; Rabin, Cara; Middleton, Frank A; Thomas, Kelly A; Garris, Maria; Mentch, Frank; Freitag, Christine M; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Todorov, Alexandre A; Reif, Andreas; Rothenberger, Aribert; Franke, Barbara; Mick, Eric O; Roeyers, Herbert; Buitelaar, Jan; Lesch, Klaus-Peter; Banaschewski, Tobias; Ebstein, Richard P; Mulas, Fernando; Oades, Robert D; Sergeant, Joseph; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Renner, Tobias J; Romanos, Marcel; Romanos, Jasmin; Warnke, Andreas; Walitza, Susanne; Meyer, Jobst; Pálmason, Haukur; Seitz, Christiane; Loo, Sandra K; Smalley, Susan L; Biederman, Joseph; Kent, Lindsey; Asherson, Philip; Anney, Richard J L; Gaynor, J William; Shaw, Philip; Devoto, Marcella; White, Peter S; Grant, Struan F A; Buxbaum, Joseph D; Rapoport, Judith L; Williams, Nigel M; Nelson, Stanley F; Faraone, Stephen V; Hakonarson, Hakon Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, heritable neuropsychiatric disorder of unknown etiology. We performed a whole-genome copy number variation (CNV) study on 1,013 cases with ADHD and 4,105 healthy children of European ancestry using 550,000 SNPs. We evaluated statistically significant findings in multiple independent cohorts, with a total of 2,493 cases with ADHD and 9,222 controls of European ancestry, using matched platforms. CNVs affecting metabotropic glutamate receptor genes were enriched across all cohorts (P = 2.1 × 10(-9)). We saw GRM5 (encoding glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5) deletions in ten cases and one control (P = 1.36 × 10(-6)). We saw GRM7 deletions in six cases, and we saw GRM8 deletions in eight cases and no controls. GRM1 was duplicated in eight cases. We experimentally validated the observed variants using quantitative RT-PCR. A gene network analysis showed that genes interacting with the genes in the GRM family are enriched for CNVs in ∼10% of the cases (P = 4.38 × 10(-10)) after correction for occurrence in the controls. We identified rare recurrent CNVs affecting glutamatergic neurotransmission genes that were overrepresented in multiple ADHD cohorts. Description: To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2336/223556 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z